In [1]: s = "python" In [2]: s.upper() Out[2]: 'PYTHON' In [3]: s.lower() Out[3]: 'python' In [4]: msg = "abrakadabra" In [5]: msg.count('ra') Out[5]: 2 In [6]: msg.count('ra', 4, 11) Out[6]: 1 s.find('smth', start, end) # finds first index that is included. If index isn't find the output will be -1 s.rfind('smth', start, end) # finds string from the end s.index() # the same as find but it shows error when there is no found element In [3]: s.replace('py', 'hi') Out[3]: 'hithon' In [15]: s.isalpha() Out[15]: True In [16]: 'Hi man'.isalpha() # False because there is space between hi and man. space isn't a string Out[16]: False In [17]: s.isdigit() Out[17]: False In [18]: '6'.isdigit() Out[18]: True >>> g ['1', '2', '3', '4'] >>> ', '.join(g) '1, 2, 3, 4' In [7]: a = 'Alex Treizer Faura' In [8]: a Out[8]: 'Svet Jpp Faura' In [9]: ", ".join(a.split()) Out[9]: 'Svet, Jpp, Faura' In [10]: " hello world \n".strip() Out[10]: 'hello world' In [11]: " hello world \n".rstrip() Out[11]: ' hello world' In [12]: " hello world \n".lstrip() Out[12]: 'hello world \n' Reference: Kind Python. Sergey Balakiriev Related: